COVID-19 Cases Linked to 61.6% of Adult Jails, Prisons and Penitentiaries in Canada

* Updated 21 November 2021 at 4:15pm ET

OVERALL

During the pandemic, 98 of 159 (61.6%) adult 'correctional' institutions across Canada had detected COVID-19 among people imprisoned and/or working at them. Click here for a breakdown of the cases by jurisdiction.

FEDERAL | CORRECTIONAL SERVICE CANADA (27/57 = 47.4%)

Atlantic Region (1/5)

Nova Institution for Women - NO

Springhill Institution - NO

Atlantic Institution - NO

Dorchester Penitentiary (medium) - YES

Dorchester Penitentiary (minimum) - NO

Quebec Region (9/12)

Archambault Institution (medium) - YES

Archambault Institution (minimum) - YES

Cowansville Institution - NO

Donnacona Institution - YES

Drummond Institution - YES

Federal Training Centre (minimum) - YES

Federal Training Centre (multi) - YES

Joliette Institution for Women - YES

La Macaza Institution - NO

Port Cartier Institution - YES

Regional Mental Health Centre - YES

Regional Reception Centre - NO

Ontario Region (6/13)

Bath Institution - NO

Beaver Creek Institution (medium) - YES

Beaver Creek Institution (minimum) - NO

Collins Bay Institution (maximum) - NO

Collins Bay Institution (medium) - YES

Collins Bay Institution (minimum) - NO

Grand Valley Institution for Women - YES

Joyceville Institution (medium) - YES

Joyceville Institution (minimum) - NO

Millhaven Institution - YES

Regional Treatment Centre, Bath - NO

Regional Treatment Centre, Millhaven - NO

Warkworth Institution - YES 

Prairie Region (8/16)

Stony Mountain Institution (maximum) - NO

Stony Mountain Institution (medium) - YES

Stony Mountain Institution (minimum) - NO

Okimaw Ohci Healing Lodge - NO

Regional Psychiatric Centre - NO

Saskatchewan Penitentiary (maximum) - YES

Saskatchewan Penitentiary (medium) - YES

Saskatchewan Penitentiary (minimum) - NO

Willow Cree Healing Centre - YES

Bowden Institution - YES

Drumheller Institution - YES

Edmonton Institution - YES

Edmonton Institution for Women - YES

Grande Cache Institution - NO

Grierson Centre - NO

Pê Sâkâstêw Centre - NO

Pacific Region (3/11)

Fraser Valley Institution for Women -  YES

Kent Institution - NO

Kwìkwèxwelhp Healing Lodge - NO

Matsqui Institution - YES

Mission Institution (medium) - YES

Mission Institution (minimum) - NO

Mountain Institution - NO

Pacific Institution - NO

Regional Reception and Assessment Centre - NO

Regional Treatment Centre - NO

William Head Institution - NO 

NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR (0/6 = 0%)

Her Majesty's Penitentiary - NO

West Coast Correctional Institution - NO

Newfoundland & Labrador Correctional Centre - NO 

Bishop's Falls Correctional Centre - NO 

Corner Brook Lockup - NO

Labrador Correctional Centre - NO

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND (1/2 = 50%)

Provincial Correctional Centre - YES 

Prince County Correctional Centre - NO

NOVA SCOTIA (1/4 = 25%)

Cape Breton Correctional Facility - NO

Central Nova Correctional Facility - YES

Northeast Nova Scotia Correctional Facility - NO

Southwest Nova Scotia Correctional Facility - NO

NEW BRUNSWICK (3/5 = 60%)

Dalhousie Regional Correctional Centre - YES

Madawaska Regional Correctional Centre - YES

New Brunswick Women's Correctional Centre - NO

Southeast Regional Correctional Centre - YES

Saint John Regional Correctional Centre - NO

QUÉBEC (16/17 = 94.1%)

Établissement de détention d'Amos - YES

Établissement de détention de Baie-Comeau - YES

Établissement de détention de Hull - YES

Établissement de détention Leclerc de Laval - YES

Établissement de détention Bordeaux - YES

Établissement de détention de New Carlisle - YES

Établissement de détention de Percé - YES

Établissement de détention de Québec (women) - YES

Établissement de détention de Québec (men) - YES

Établissement de détention de Rimouski - YES

Établissement de détention Rivière-des-Prairies - YES

Établissement de détention de Roberval - YES

Établissement de détention de Saint-Jérôme - YES

Établissement de détention de Sept-Îles - NO

Établissement de détention de Sherbrooke - YES

Établissement de détention de Sorel-Tracy - YES

Établissement de détention Trois-Rivières - YES 

ONTARIO (22/25 = 88%)

Central East Correctional Centre - YES

Central North Correctional Centre - YES

Maplehurst Correctional Complex - YES

Monteith Correctional Complex - YES

Ontario Correctional Institute - YES

St. Lawrence Valley Correctional and Treatment Centre - YES

Thunder Bay Correctional Centre - YES

Vanier Centre for Women - YES

Elgin-Middlesex Detention Centre - YES 

Hamilton-Wentworth Detention Centre - YES

Niagara Detention Centre - YES

Ottawa-Carleton Detention Centre - YES

Quinte Detention Centre - YES

Southwest Detention Centre - YES

Toronto East Detention Centre - YES 

Toronto South Detention Centre - YES

Brockville Jail - NO

Fort Frances Jail - NO

Kenora Jail - NO

North Bay Jail - YES

Sarnia Jail - YES

Stratford Jail - YES 

Sudbury Jail - YES

Thunder Bay Jail - YES

Algoma Treatment and Remand Centre - YES 

MANITOBA (6/6 = 100%)

Brandon Correctional Centre - YES

Headingley Correctional Centre - YES

Milner Ridge Correctional Centre - YES 

The Pas Correctional Centre - YES

Winnipeg Remand Centre - YES 

Women's Correctional Centre - YES

SASKATCHEWAN (5/5 = 100%)

Pine Grove Correctional Centre (women) - YES

Prince Albert Correctional Centre - YES

Regina Correctional Centre - YES

Saskatoon Correctional Centre - YES 

Saskatchewan Hospital North Battleford - YES

ALBERTA (8/8 = 100%)

Calgary Correctional Centre - YES

Calgary Remand Centre - YES

Edmonton Remand Centre - YES

Fort Saskatchewan Correctional Centre - YES

Lethbridge Correctional Centre - YES

Medicine Hat Remand Centre - YES

Peace River Correctional Centre - YES

Red Deer Remand Centre - YES

BRITISH COLUMBIA (5/10 = 50%)

Alouette Correctional Centre for Women - NO

Ford Mountain Correctional Centre - NO

Fraser Regional Correctional Centre - YES

Kamloops Regional Correctional Centre - NO

Nanaimo Correctional Centre - NO

North Fraser Pretrial Centre - YES

Okanagan Correctional Centre - YES

Prince George Correctional Centre - NO

Surrey Pretrial Centre - YES

Vancouver Island Regional Correctional Centre - YES

NUNAVUT (2/5 = 40%)

Baffin Correctional Centre - YES

Qikiqtani Correctional Healing Centre - NO 

Ranking Inlet Healting Facility - NO

Kugluktuk Ilavut - NO

Makigiarvik - YES

NORTHWEST TERRITORIES (1/3 = 33%)

North Slave Correctional Complex - YES

South Mackenzie Correctional Centre - NO 

Fort Smith Correctional Complex - NO

YUKON (1/1 = 100%)

Whitehorse Correctional Centre - YES

NOTE ON METHOD

The preliminary findings presented above were compiled from figures included media reports and publicly available government data sets. Due to the quality of the data available, it is possible that there are additional laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 linked to prisoners and/or staff of Canadian carceral institutions than those compiled above as many state bodies do not report both types of cases online on a pro-active basis like Manitoba Corrections and the Ministère de la Sécurité publique du Québec. Correctional Service Canada and the Ontario Ministry of the Solicitor General release prisoner COVID-19 case figures on a regular basis through tables accessible through a single web link, but not those of their institutional staff. All other Canadian human caging authorities do not make such data sets available online, including the Saskatchewan Ministry of Corrections, Policing and Public Safety and the Alberta Correctional Services Division that have had several large outbreaks linked to their provincial jails and prisons, as well as the Nova Scotia Correctional Services Division, the Corrections Branch of the New Brunswick Department of Public Safety, Prince Edward Island Community and Correctional Services, British Columbia Corrections, Nunavut Corrections, Northwest Territories Corrections Service, and Yukon Corrections that have had fewer total cases linked to their provincial or territorial sites of confinement. Researchers, journalists, policymakers and practitioners using the data presented above are invited to contact justin.piche@uottawa.ca should they find any errors or have any questions. 

RESEARCH PROJECT AND FUNDING 

The preliminary findings above were compiled as part of the "COVID-19: Investigating Canada's Carceral Response to the Coronavirus through the Prison Pandemic Partnership" (principal investigator: Kevin Walby, PhD - uWinnipeg | co-investigator: Justin Piché, PhD - uOttawa | partner organization: Canadian Civil Liberties Association) project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The partnership project is housed within the Centre for Access to Information and Justice at the University of Winnipeg.  

Over 9,700 COVID-19 Cases Linked to Canadian Carceral Institutions by the End of October 2021

 * Updated 2 November 2021 at 10:15am EDT *

OVERALL

Prisoners = 7,492 (9 deaths reported)

Staff = 2,206 (1 death reported)

Contractors = 6 

Unknown = 11

Total = 9,715

Canadian Jurisdictions with Reported COVID-19 Cases 
Linked to their Carceral Institutions as of 31 October 2021  

Federal | Correctional Service Canada = 2,197 (1,588 prisoners | 609 staff) 

Newfoundland and Labrador = 0

Nova Scotia = 6 (5 prisoners | 1 staff)

New Brunswick = 14 (2 + 2 staff | 10 unknown)

Prince Edward Island = 1 (1 prisoner | 0 staff)

Quebec = 1,188 (758 prisoners | 430 staff) 

Ontario = 2,470 (1,958 prisoners | 508 staff | 4 contractors)

Manitoba = 657 (514 prisoners | 143 staff)

Saskatchewan = 1,152 (906 prisoners | 246 staff)

Alberta = 1,747 (1,529 prisoners | 216 staff | 2 contractors)

British Columbia = 264 (215 prisoners | 49 staff)

Nunavut = 14 (14 prisoners | 0 staff)

Northwest Territories = 1 (1 unknown)

Yukon = 4 (4 prisoners | 0 staff)

Other Carceral Institutions (not included in overall count above)

Federal | Canadian Border Services Agency = 6 (4 prisoners | 1 staff | 1 contractor)

NOTE ON METHOD

The preliminary findings presented above were compiled from figures included media reports and publicly available government data sets. Due to the quality of the data available, it is possible that there are additional laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 linked to prisoners and/or staff of Canadian carceral institutions than those compiled above as many state bodies do not report both types of cases online on a pro-active basis like Manitoba Corrections and the Ministère de la Sécurité publique du Québec. Correctional Service Canada and the Ontario Ministry of the Solicitor General release prisoner COVID-19 case figures on a regular basis through tables accessible through a single web link, but not those of their institutional staff. All other Canadian human caging authorities do not make such data sets available online, including the Saskatchewan Ministry of Corrections, Policing and Public Safety and the Alberta Correctional Services Division that have had several large outbreaks linked to their provincial jails and prisons, as well as the Nova Scotia Correctional Services Division, the Corrections Branch of the New Brunswick Department of Public Safety, Prince Edward Island Community and Correctional Services, British Columbia Corrections, Nunavut Corrections, Northwest Territories Corrections Service, and Yukon Corrections that have had fewer total cases linked to their provincial or territorial sites of confinement. Researchers, journalists, policymakers and practitioners using the data presented above are invited to contact justin.piche@uottawa.ca should they find any errors or have any questions. 

RESEARCH PROJECT AND FUNDING 

The preliminary findings above were compiled as part of the "COVID-19: Investigating Canada's Carceral Response to the Coronavirus through the Prison Pandemic Partnership" (principal investigator: Kevin Walby, PhD - uWinnipeg | co-investigator: Justin Piché, PhD - uOttawa | partner organization: Canadian Civil Liberties Association) project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The partnership project is housed within the Centre for Access to Information and Justice at the University of Winnipeg.  

COVID-19 Cases Linked to British Columbia Provincial Jails and Prisons (end-October 2021)

 * Updated 2 November 2021 at 10:05am EDT *

264 Reported COVID-19 Cases Linked to British Columbia Provincial Jails and Prisons as of the end of October 2021 *

Prisoners = 215

Staff =  49

Total = 264

* Data based on figures made publicly available through government, union and media reporting. Due to the quality of the data available, it is possible that there are fewer or additional laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 amongst provincial prisoners and prison staff in British Columbia that have not been publicly disclosed. 

INSTITUTIONS AND CASES

Fraser Regional Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 31

Staff = 5

Total = 36

Source: Globe and Mail (7 March 2021)

North Fraser Pretrial Centre

Prisoners = 1 + 22

Staff = 0 + 7

Total = 30

Sources: Vancouver Sun (25 September 2020) | CTV News (26 February 2021)

Okanagan Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 1 + 1

Staff = 3 + 7 + 1

Total = 13

Sources: CBC News (17 July 2020) | CTV News (14 August 2020) | Global News (14 September 2020) | New Westminster Record (25 January 2021) 

Surrey Pretrial Centre

Prisoners = 0 + 38

Staff = 3 + 1

Total = 42

Sources: News 1130 (24 October 2020) | Tri-City News (14 February 2021)

Vancouver Island Regional Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 6 

Staff = 0

Total = 6

Sources: Victoria News (5 October 2021)

Unknown Institutions 

Prisoners = 209 (minus 128 cases noted above)

Staff = 35 (minus 10 Okanagan and 3 Surrey staff cases from 2020 above)

Total = 116 

Source: Radio-Canada (16 June 2021) | TriCity News (22 January 2021)

RESEARCH PROJECT AND FUNDING 

The data above was compiled as part of the "COVID-19: Investigating Canada's Carceral Response to the Coronavirus through the Prison Pandemic Partnership" (principal investigator: Kevin Walby, PhD - uWinnipeg | co-investigator: Justin Piché, PhD - uOttawa | partner organization: Canadian Civil Liberties Association) project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The partnership project is housed within the Centre for Access to Information and Justice at the University of Winnipeg. 

COVID-19 Cases Linked to Alberta Provincial Jails and Prisons (end-October 2021)

 * Updated 2 November 2021 at 9:45am EDT *

1,747 Reported COVID-19 Cases Linked to Alberta Provincial Jails and Prisons as of 22 October 2021 *

Prisoners = 1,529

Staff = 216

Contractors = 2

Total = 1,747

* Data based on figures made publicly available through government, union and media reporting. Due to the quality of the data available, it is possible that there are additional laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 amongst provincial prisoners and prison staff in Alberta that have not been publicly disclosed. 

INSTITUTIONS AND CASES

Calgary Remand Centre

Prisoners = 504

Staff = 2 + 56

Contractor = 1

Total = 563

Sources: Edmonton Journal (13 June 2021) | CBC News (17 July 2020) | CBC News (22 December 2020) | Newstalk 1010 (9 March 2021)

Calgary Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 134

Staff = 20 + 8 + 1

Total = 163

Sources: Edmonton Journal (13 June 2021) | iHeart Radio (31 October 2020) | Calgary Herald (7 November 2020) | Global News (30 November 2020)

Edmonton Remand Centre

Prisoners = 478 + 43

Staff = 105

Contractor = 1

Total = 627

Source: Edmonton Journal (13 June 2021 | 27 September 2021) | Edmonton Journal (21 January 2021)

Fort Saskatchewan Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 136

Staff = 9 (1 death on 10 December 2020)

Total = 145

Source: Edmonton Journal (13 June 2021) | CBC News (11 December 2020) | Sherwood Park News (26 February 2021 | 16 March 2021) | Edmonton Journal (28 March 2021)

Lethbridge Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 21 + 3

Staff = 4

Total = 28

Source: Edmonton Journal (13 June 2021) | CTV News (22 October 2021)

Medicine Hat Remand Centre

Prisoners = 2

Staff = 0

Total = 2

Source: Edmonton Journal (13 June 2021) 

Peace River Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 110 

Staff = 1 

Total = 111

Sources: Edmonton Journal (13 June 2021) | CBC News (11 December 2020) | River Country 94.7 FM (21 January 2021) | Reach 96.3 FM (26 February 2021) | Edmonton Journal (28 March 2021)

Red Deer Remand Centre

Prisoners = 98

Staff = 3 + 4 + 3

Total = 108

Source: Edmonton Journal (13 June 2021) | Red Deer Advocate (15 December 2020 | 21 January 2021 | 12 May 2021) | Red Deer News Now (5 June 2021)

RESEARCH PROJECT AND FUNDING 

The data above was compiled as part of the "COVID-19: Investigating Canada's Carceral Response to the Coronavirus through the Prison Pandemic Partnership" (principal investigator: Kevin Walby, PhD - uWinnipeg | co-investigator: Justin Piché, PhD - uOttawa | partner organization: Canadian Civil Liberties Association) project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The partnership project is housed within the Centre for Access to Information and Justice at the University of Winnipeg. 

COVID-19 Cases Linked to Manitoba Provincial Jails and Prisons (end-October 2021)

* Updated: 2 November 2021 at 9:25am EDT *

657 Reported COVID-19 Cases Linked to Manitoba Provincial Jails and Prisons as of 1 November 2021

Prisoners = 514

Staff = 143

Total = 657

INSTITUTIONS AND CASES

Agassiz Youth Centre

Prisoners = 13

Staff = 5

Total = 18

Source: Data MB (1 November 2021)

Brandon Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 91

Staff = 20

Total = 111

Source: Data MB (1 November 2021)

 

Headingly Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 214 

Staff = 49 

Total = 263

Source: Data MB (1 November 2021)

Manitoba Youth Centre

Prisoners = 0 

Staff = 9

Total = 9

Source: Data MB (1 November 2021)

 

Milner Ridge Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 83 

Staff = 29

Total = 112

Source: Data MB (1 November 2021)

 

The Pas Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 0

Staff = 3

Total = 3

Source: Data MB (1 November 2021)

Winnipeg Remand Centre

Prisoners = 78

Staff = 19

Total = 97

Source: Data MB (1 November 2021)

Women’s Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 35 

Staff = 9

Total = 44

Source: Data MB (1 November 2021)

RESEARCH PROJECT AND FUNDING 

The data above was compiled as part of the "COVID-19: Investigating Canada's Carceral Response to the Coronavirus through the Prison Pandemic Partnership" (principal investigator: Kevin Walby, PhD - uWinnipeg | co-investigator: Justin Piché, PhD - uOttawa | partner organization: Canadian Civil Liberties Association) project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The partnership project is housed within the Centre for Access to Information and Justice at the University of Winnipeg. 

COVID-19 Cases Linked to Ontario Provincial Jails and Prisons (end-October 2021)

 * Updated: 2 November 2021 at 9:20am EDT *

2,470 Reported COVID-19 Cases Linked to Ontario Provincial Jails and Prisons as of 28 October 2021 *

Prisoners = 1,958 (1 dead)

Staff = 508

Contractor = 4

Total = 2,470

* Data based on figures made publicly available through government, union and media reporting. Due to the quality of the data available, it is possible that there are additional laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 amongst provincial prison staff in Ontario that have not been publicly disclosed. 

INSTITUTIONS AND CASES

Algoma Treatment and Remand Centre

Prisoners = 4

Staff = 2

Total = 6

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Central East Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 252

Staff = 15

Total = 267

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Central North Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 136 (minus 9 transferred from when the Stratford Jail closed)

Staff = 8

Total = 135

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Elgin-Middlesex Detention Centre

Prisoners = 82

Staff = 50

Total = 132

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Hamilton Wentworth Detention Centre

Prisoners = 88

Staff = 33

Contractor = 1

Total = 122

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Kenora Jail

Prisoners = 10

Staff = 0

Total = 10

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Maplehurst Correctional Complex

Prisoners = 306

Staff = 96

Contractor = 1

Total = 403

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Milton-Vanier Centre for Women

Prisoners = 60

Staff = 8

Contractor = 1

Total = 69

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Monteith Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 42

Staff = 11

Total = 53

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Niagara Detention Centre

Prisoners = 17

Staff = 2

Total = 19

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

North Bay Jail

Prisoners = 33 (-32 prisoners transferred due to 24 June 2021 temporary closure)

Staff = 1

Total = 2

Sources: Radio-Canada Nord de l'Ontario (26 July 2021) | CTV News (24 June 2021)

Ontario Correctional Institute

Prisoners = 91

Staff = 27

Total = 118

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Ottawa-Carleton Detention Centre

Prisoners = 93

Staff = 13

Total = 106

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Quinte Detention Centre

Prisoners = 7

Staff = 0

Total = 7

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Sarnia Jail

Prisoners = 53 

Staff = 8

Total = 61

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

South West Detention Centre

Prisoners = 65

Staff = 19

Contractor = 1

Total = 85

Sources: Windsor Star (20 March 2020) | Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

St. Lawrence Valley Correctional and Treatment Centre

Prisoners = 0

Staff = 2

Total = 2

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Stratford Jail

Prisoners = 11

Staff = 2

Total = 13

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Sudbury Jail

Prisoners = 2

Staff = 0

Total = 2

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

* A number of prisoners who contracted COVID-19 at the Sudbury Jail, which was temporarily closed following a October 2021 outbreak, were transferred elsewhere leading to additional transmission at the Central North Correctional Centre (20 October 2021) and Toronto South Detention Centre (27 October 2021). These cases are not included in the Sudbury Jail cases above, which preceded the October 2021 outbreak, but are included instead as part of the Central North Correctional Centre and Toronto South Detention Centre figures.

Thunder Bay Correctional Centre

Prisoners = 64

Staff = 22

Total = 86

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Thunder Bay Jail

Prisoners = 98

Staff = 44

Total = 142

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Toronto East Detention Centre

Prisoners = 87 (1 dead on 23 March 2021)

Staff = 38

Total = 125

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

Toronto South Detention Centre

Prisoners = 398

Staff = 107

Total = 505

Sources: Ministry of the Solicitor General (28 October 2021 | 27 June 2021)

RESEARCH PROJECT AND FUNDING 

The data above was compiled as part of the "COVID-19: Investigating Canada's Carceral Response to the Coronavirus through the Prison Pandemic Partnership" (principal investigator: Kevin Walby, PhD - uWinnipeg | co-investigator: Justin Piché, PhD - uOttawa | partner organization: Canadian Civil Liberties Association) project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The partnership project is housed within the Centre for Access to Information and Justice at the University of Winnipeg.